Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway happen due to

1. External short circuit and cell failure
2. Due to External pressure - Machanical damage
3. Internal short circuit - due to chemical reaction, high C-rate or manufacturing faults
4. Crush - by external cause - deformation of the cells
5. Effects of internal short circuit due to - Dendrit growth, Separator damage
6. Heat generation, Thermal abuse - Thermal Runway stage

What happen: -
High rate of lithium-ion transfer, growth of dendrite, anode and cathode short circuit
Separator PP-PE-PP layer bracks down
Cathode brack down and generation oxygen
Heat generation
Enter into Thermal Runaway

The failure mechanism is still unclear for some specific abuse behaviors, especially the damage evolution in cells or battery systems during the long-term operation. Based on the failure mechanism, some parameters and features can be used as signals for fault diagnosis and electric management. Safety designs in cells and battery systems can be employed to avoid more damage induced by abuse behaviors.

EV Battery pack assembly line course Topic are not limited to the items below, more related to battery failure mechanism and protection will be considered:

1. Anode active materials failure
2. Cathode active materials failure
3. Electrolyte failure
4. Separator failure
5. Current collector failure mechanism