Lithium-Ion Battery Failure Causes

1. External short circuit and cell failure
2. Due to External pressure - Machanical damage
3. Internal short circuit - due to chemical reaction, high C-rate or manufacturing faults
4. Crush - by external cause - deformation of the cells
5. Effects of internal short circuit due to - Dendrit growth, Separator damage
6. Heat generation, Thermal abuse - Thermal Runway stage

LiBs are sensitive to high power charging (fast charging), a too high or too low operating temperature, and mechanical abuse which eventually leads to capacity fade, short-circuiting, and the hazard of thermal runaway. Mitigation strategies are critical to reducing the risk of failures in LiBs.

As a crucial problem for the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries, the safety issue attracts many concerns from consumers and manufacturers.

The failure mechanism is still unclear for some specific abuse behaviors, especially the damage evolution in cells or battery systems during the long-term operation. Based on the failure mechanism, some parameters and features can be used as signals for fault diagnosis and electric management. Safety designs in cells and battery systems can be employed to avoid more damage induced by abuse behaviors.

EV Battery pack assembly line course Topic are not limited to the items below, more related to battery failure mechanism and protection will be considered:

1. Battery failure mechanism and modeling
2. Safety design
3. Fault diagnosis and prognosis
4. Thermal and electric managements for better safety
5. Advanced materials for improving intrinsic safety